effect in different malignancies. In this research, we treated GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORM (GBM) patients with hyperthermia (HT) along with the chemoradiation, in order to evaluate HT efficacy in terms of tumor volume changes, survival time, and probability. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight GBM patients were distributed into two groups identified as chemoradiation (CRT), and also CRT plus HT (CRHT). The Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS) was done before, immediately and three months after treatments. Capacitive hyperthermia device was used at frequency of 13. 56 MHz (Celsius 42+ GmbH, Germany) for HT one hour before the radiotherapy for 10-12 sessions. Patients in both groups underwent MR imaging (1. 5 Tesla) before, 3 and 6 months after the treatments. Thermal enhancement factors (TEF) were attained in terms of clinical target volume changes, TEF(CTV), and survival probability (SP) or TEF(SP). Results: Age ranges were from 27-73 years (Mean=50) and 27-65 years (Mean=50) for CRT and CRHT groups, respectively. For 53% and 47% of cases biopsy and partial resection were accomplished in both groups, respectively. Means and standard deviations of tumor volumes were 135. 42± 92. 5 and 58. 4± 104. 1cm3 before treatment in CRT and CRHT groups, respectively, with no significant difference (P= 0. 2). TEF(CTV) value was attained to be as 1. 54 and 1. 70 for three and six months after treatments, respectively, TEF(SP) was also equal to the 1. 90. Conclusion: HT enhanced the chemoradiation effects throughout the patient survival probability and KPS. TEF may reflect the hyperthermia efficacy for a given radiation dose.

Background: Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors of the central nervous system. Among a number of different bio-molecular events, molecular connections between oxidative stress pathways and their development is prevalent. Oxidative stress is the consequence of an imbalance between pro-oxidant factors and antioxidant defense. This imbalance may lead to DNA damage and changes in growth and function of cells in the brain. Many evidences show that reactive oxygen species in the mammalian brain are directly responsible for cell and tissue function and dysfunction. A brain tumor is correlated with oxidative stress. In this study, we determine the pro-oxidant- antioxidant balance in patients with grade IV brain tumors (GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORMe) by the pro-oxidant -antioxidant assay.Methods: We collected sera from 50 patients with high grade (IV) GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORM and 49 healthy subjects. The pro-oxidant - antioxidant assay was measured.Results: There was a significant increase in pro-oxidant - antioxidant values in patients (158.10±85.71 HK unit) compared to the control group (74.54±33.54 HK; P=0.001.Conclusion: The pro-oxidant - antioxidant balance assay can show a high level of pro-oxidants in the sera of patients with GLIOBLASTOMA which indicates the presence of oxidative stress in this group.

Background: GBM is the most common and malignant astrocity tumor and it is persistent to common treatment so, these patients have a very low survival.Several researchers around the world, including Iran, have been investigated GBM-cell line in vitro. However in vivo studies have not been fulfilled.Methods: As standard cell line (U-87MG) derived from human GBM and total GBM tumor derived from 3 patients were heterotypic ally injected into 4-6 weeks old athymic nude mice. Pathologic investigation by H& E, GFAP and Ki-67 were examined 2 months post implantation.Results: GBM characteristics appeared in H& E and GFAP and the rate of proliferation was 6% and in direct xenograft tumor was 9% which was consistent with the pathologic result of patient.Conclusion: GBM Xengraft is the most suitable model for in vivo investigation and researcher can evaluate new treatments for this tumor. On the other hands, Pharmacogenomics differences in treatment response could be indicated among Iranians.

Based on reviewing several large reports in literature, less than 3 percent of GLIOBLASTOMA occurred in the first two decades of life. In the Asian reports GLIOBLASTOMA is more common than western reports. As there was no similar report in Iran; this study was designed for evaluating the presence of GLIOBLASTOMA cases in first two decades of life.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 107 cases that had undergone neurosurgical operation at Shahid Bahonar hospital (1994-2003) and the obtained specimens were pathologically approved as GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORM were included. Information containing demography (age and sex), clinical data (main presenting symptoms; tumor location), radiological and laboratory findings was obtained from records in pathology and neurosurgery departments and the central records of the hospital. The results were analyzed by SPSS software and chi square statistical test.Results: Of 107 cases of GLIOBLASTOMA; 8 (7.4%) were under 20 years age group and the male to female ratio was 3 to 1. Most of the tumors (87.5%) were supratentorial and the temporal and parietal lobes were most commonly involved main presenting symptoms included headache (87.5%); nausea or vomiting (37.5%) and seizures (25%). Neutrophilic leukocytosis was the persistent laboratory finding (62.5%).Conclusion: The results show that GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORM in Iran is more prevalent in childhood than that in western communities. Clinical and Para clinical findings are the same as other studies. Difference of corrected age based values with other studies are not statistically significant, and it probably seems that increased incidence of GLIOBLASTOMA in first two decades of life is probably related to population pyramid and a large number of young people in Iran.

Background and Aim: GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORMe (GBM) is the most common malignant and invasive tumor of the brain. The relation between prognosis and survival of GBM patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression is challenging. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the prognosis and survival of patients with GBM and its relationship with EGFR expression. Materials and Methods: This single-arm cohort study was conducted on 70 patients with GBM during 2012-2018 in Shahid Rahnemoon and Mortaz hospitals. The immunohistochemistry technique was applied to paraffin blocks of brain tumors for examining EGFR expression. Other data were extracted from medical records. To determine the survival rate, the Kaplan– Meier curves were used. A chisquare test was used for the analysis of data. Statistically, p-value <0. 05 was assumed significant. Results: The mean survival of patients with GBM was 22. 3 ± 2. 5 months (95% CI=17. 41-27. 10). In addition, 1, 2-and 5-year survival rates were 90%, 30% and 5%, respectively. The mean survival of patients with negative and positive EGFR was 27. 4± 7. 3 and 20. 6± 2. 4 months, respectively. Besides, 11. 1% and 14. 3% of patients in negative and positive EGFR groups were alive. There was no significant difference in patient’ s survival in terms of EGFR expression (p=0. 36). No significant difference was seen between the two groups (EGFR positive and negative groups), regarding the frequency of age, sex, tumor’ s anatomical location, and place of living (p>0. 05). Conclusion: Based on our study, it seems that the GBM tumor was associated with poor prognosis and a low survival rate. It was also found that the expression of the EGFR gene did not affect the survival rate of patients with GBM. Therefore, its use as a predictor factor for survival and prognosis is questionable.

GLIOBLASTOMA is one of the most malignant cancers worldwide, which due to the difficulty of early diagnosis, most affected people die within a year after diagnosis. Non-coding RNAs are a group of RNAs acting as post-transcriptional regulators and can play an essential role in cancer diagnosis. This study was aimed at investigating the expression level of miR-1193 in GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORM and normal tissue samples and their correlation with the grade, age, and sex parameters. In this study, the expression level of miR-1193 was quantified in 50 GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORM tissues (at different stages of disease), and 50 normal ones using the Real-Time PCR technique. GraphPad Prism 8 software was used for statistical analysis. The results of this study revealed down-regulation of the miR-1193 GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORM samples compared to normal ones. The expression of miR-1193 was not significantly correlated with grade, age, and sex parameters. Finally, increased expression of miR-1193 could play an essential role in GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORM. Moreover, according to Roc curve analysis and determining the cut-off value for this biomarker, it was found that the off-cut value was equal to 5. 141 for miR-1193, which can detect patients with specificity of 1 and sensitivity of 0. 78. However, due to its relatively low sensitivity, more research should be conducted.

Background: GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORM (GBM) is the most common and most malignant of the glial tumors that begins primarily in brain tissue. Genetic background could be considered as an important predisposing factor in GBM. Autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR) is a cytokine receptor that participates in a lot of physiologic and pathologic processes like: Cellular motility and metastasis. So, it seems that this protein has an essential role in pathophysiology of several cancers and could be a potential diagnostic and or therapeutic target in GBM. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of AMFR (rs2440472, rs373191257) gene polymorphism and GBM in a representative Iranian population. Materials and Methods: This study includes 81 cases of GBM and 117 control subjects. After DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction ‑ high resolution melting reaction was performed. For each single nucleotide polymorphisms, 12 samples were selected for sequencing. Data was analyzed using Chi‑ square test and Logistic regression. Results: For rs2440472, frequency of GG genotype in the case group was increased compared to the control group (51. 9% vs. 34. 2% respectively, P = 0. 013). After adjusting for sex and age by logistic regression our results were the same (P = 0. 017, odds ratio = 2. 056). Allelic frequencies for rs2440472 among cases and controls were not significantly different (P = 0. 058). For rs373191257, genotypic and allelic frequencies were not significantly different between two groups. Conclusion: Our results showed the possible association between the AMFR rs2440472 gene polymorphism with susceptibility to GBM.